Cambio y continuidad en las organizaciones de gestión del conocimiento
Change and continuity in knowledge management organizations
por Julio Cubillo

Resumo: Los tres textos, preparados por el mismo autor, reúnen observaciones y experiencias con diferentes organizaciones atendidas por la CEPAL en temas de información. Los textos se han dispuesto en un secuencia que considera algunos problemas de la gestión del conocimiento que se plantean a "actores" que atienden misiones de crecientes grados de complejidad funcional. El primero examina, genéricamente, a la biblioteca como una de las organizaciones asociadas a la gestión del conocimiento y su posicionamiento (o, más propiamente, desposicionamiento) con relación al nuevo entorno de multimedialidad, hipertextualidad y ambiente de tele-trabajo a escala global que abre la Internet. Luego, en el segundo texto, se exploran aspectos de la gestión del conocimiento desde la perspectiva de todo un sistema de organizaciones asociadas a la gestión de conocimientos, en este caso, el de un sistema de bibliotecas que busca su integración al interior de una organización compleja, como es una universidad pública latinoamericana que atiende una población cercana a los 20000 educandos. El tercer texto, adopta una perspectiva aún más amplia, el de toda una organización gestora de conocimientos en su conjunto. Se predica allí acerca de la organización gestora de conocimientos por excelencia, la universidad. Se asume para ello la óptica de un rector, enfrentado a la presencia creciente, en la Red, de universidades virtuales. Un rector que empieza a sospechar que ya no está más en un "mercado" puramente nacional, y que además, deberá fortalecer la organización a su cargo hasta que sea capaz de resistir las duras pruebas de excelencia acordes con estándares internacionales, en todas las áreas substantivas y administrativas de la universidad.
Abstract: Three papers have been prepared by the same author, who has observed and experienced different organizations dealing with CEPAL on information themas. The sequence of texts addresses some problems on knowledge management, posed to "actors" concerned with increasing degrees of functional complexity incumbencies. The first section examines, widely, the library as a knowledge management organization, and its position (or, more appropriately speaking, lack of position) with respect to the new environment of multimedia, hypertext, and home-workers at global scale the Internet allows. The second text explores knowledge management from the perspective of a system of associated organizations, in that case, a system of libraries struggling for integration into a complex organization, a public latin-american university with roughly 20000 students. The third section addresses a broader perspective, concerning a whole organization of knowledge management, the knowledge management organization par excellence, the university. A perspective from a rector point of view, concerned with the increasing availability of virtual universities on the Net, thinking of a "market" which is not only national anymore, a rector responsible for the strengthening of the organization towards an excellece, compatible with international standards in all substantive and administrative university areas.

Universidade e informação: a biblioteca universitária e os programas de educação a distância - uma questão ainda não resolvida
University and Information: Distance education and library services - an yet unsolved question
por Suzana Pinheiro Machado Mueller
Resumo: Os conceitos informação e universidade são indissociáveis. As novas tecnologias de informação vêm modificando a maneira como as universidades desempenham suas funções de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Na área específica de ensino, em todo o mundo, a expansão do ensino ou educação à distância, mediado por computador, talvez seja a conseqüência mais marcante da ação da tecnologia. Mas, ao mesmo tempo em que se descortinam oportunidades de alcançar metas educacionais nunca antes possíveis para indivíduos, instituições e governos, levantam-se questões de qualidade desses cursos. Neste artigo revêem-se alguns pontos relacionados a esse tema, e se discute a questão dos serviços das bibliotecas universitárias, que deveria estar no  centro dessas questões mas que tem sido, senão ignorada, pelo menos postergada pelos planejadores dos cursos, inclusive no Brasil. O texto revê alguns parâmetros que têm sido propostos para esses serviços pela Association of College and     Research Libraries (EUA), e estudos realizados nos Estados Unidos e Grã-Bretanha sobre a questão. O movimento de expansão dos cursos à distância, ao levantar  novos desafios  para as bibliotecas universitárias, levanta também a questão para os cursos de graduação em biblioteconomia, pois certamente as tecnologias de comunicação e informação, ao reconfigurarem a universidade e seus sistemas de informação, estão modificando também esse mercado de trabalho.
Abstract: University and Information: Distance education and library services - an yet unsolved question.  The concepts university and  information are bound together. Technologies which are impacting higher education - teaching, learning, and research,  have brought about the expansion of distance learning. But, at the same time in which  this opens tremendous new opportunities, it does raise some questions concerning quality of the education offered. In this article some issues related to the quality of courses  are briefly reviewed, and the question of library services is discussed. These services should be at the center of the quality discussion, but this has not always happened. The ACRL Guidelines and some studies which have been carried out on the subject are commented. The movement towards the expansion of distance learning present new challenges to the university libraries, and, in doing so, the challenge is extended to library schools, for certainly the changes brought about by technology, as they change the university and its information systems are also changing the market for those graduates.

Estudio bibliométrico sobre la presencia de los autores cubanos en el "Web of Science"
Bibliometric study on the presence of cuban authors in the "Web of Science"
por Raúl G. Torricella Morales ,  Guido Van Hooydonk  e  Juan Antonio Araujo Ruiz
Resumo: A partir de la idea de Eugene Grafield, de que "la edición acumulativa de 10 años de los índices de citas del Sience Citation Index (SCI) probablemente incluirá a todos los trabajos científicos significativos conocidos" y aprovechando el hecho de que la base de datos "Web of Science" (WoS), introducida recientemente por el Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) incluye el SCI, se propone evaluar de forma preliminar la presencia de los autores e instituciones cubanas con un alcance temporal desde 1988 hasta 1998. Los datos se extrajeron de las bases de datos: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index producidas por el Institute of Scientific Information, Inc., ISI, de Filadelfia, Pennsylvania, USA, (Copyright 1999), bajo la licencia de explotación otorgada a la Universidad de Ghent en Bélgica. Es bueno destacar que la utilidad del Web of Scienc en la evaluación de los autores cubanos que publican sólo en revistas cubanas es muy limitada, ya que sólo una revista científica cubana, de las más de 200 existentes, es registrada actualmente en esta base de datos.  Se realizó una búsqueda a partir de la siguiente estrategia: Todos las entradas contienen la palabra CUBA en el campo dirección de los autores y en la fecha publicación desde 1989 hasta 1998. Los datos así obtenidos se descargaron en un fichero texto y posteriormente se procesaron mediante el utilitario Fangorn, el CDS/ISIS y las hojas de cálculo de Excel. Se determinó que el comportamiento del acumulado de artículos publicados por cubanos  y referenciados en el Web of Scienc aumenta de forma significativa y con un comportamiento cuadrático desde el bienio 1989-90 hasta el 97-98, también aumenta el indicador de asociatividad de los autores cubanos, este de forma lineal.  Por otra parte se puede considerar de forma preliminar que un autor que tiene valores del impacto acumulativo mayores de tres, aporta a la elevación  del impacto de la ciencia cubana, mientras que aquellos con valores menores de dos, se lo restan. Por último, se determinó que para lograr una evaluación verdaderamente justa y objetiva del desempeño de los autores e instituciones se debe tener en cuenta: la cantidad de artículos publicados, la cantidad de citas y el impacto acumulado, además de tener en cuenta, creativamente, la evaluación de expertos.
Abstract: Garfield, E. (Garfield, Eugene, 1979), the inventor of the Citation Indexes, said in the early 1979: "If one accepts the premise that a paper of even minor significance is cited at least once in 10 years, a 10-year span of SCI, two five year cumulations, contains the citations of literally all the significant scientific literature their is known to exist." The Web of Scienc (WoS) database has been introduced recently by The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) of United States of America, wherefore the application of It in Citation Analysis is very incipient yet (Cawkell, Tony, 1998). This work studies, preliminary way, the impact of the Cuban authors and institutions from 1988 to 1988. The information was obtained from the WoS three major databases: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Science Citation Index and Art & Humanities Citation Index from 1988 onward. However, the usage of the WoS for the evaluation of the Cubans authors who publish in the Cubans journals is very limited due the WoS includes only the CJAS among more of 200 scientific Cubans there is inactive now. The search was taken using the word CUBA in the address of authors, and the publish date was between 1989 and 1998.  The data was downloading as text and was processing by Fangorn utility; CDS/ISIS database management system and Excel program.  It was find that the number articles publish by Cuban and included in the Web of Scienc was increased from 1989/90 until 1997/98 by a quadratic way, and the associatively indicator was increased by a linear way.  In the other hand, it was determined that and Cuban author who has a cumulative impact greeter than 3,0 increases the Cuban Scienc impact, however the authors who has less than 2,0 decrees it. The inclusion of one article in the WoS database it is not assure than these will have high quality or high impact. It has no discussion the importance of the citation analysis in the objective evaluation of the impact of the authors of one country or one institution in the scientific world.